What is the constitutional right of an individual to control personal information referred to as?

The constitutional right of an individual to control personal information is referred to as privacy. This concept encompasses the ability of individuals to maintain control over their personal data and the extent to which that information can be disclosed or shared. Privacy rights are supported by various constitutional protections, notably through interpretations of the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments in the U.S. Constitution, which emphasize the importance of personal liberty and the right to be free from unwarranted government intrusion into personal matters.

The other terms mentioned do not adequately capture this specific constitutional aspect. Self-disclosure refers to the act of revealing personal information, which is not inherently about controlling how that information is used. Privileged communication pertains to legal contexts where certain communications are protected from disclosure in legal proceedings, thus not directly addressing individual control over personal information. Confidentiality generally involves the duty to protect information shared within a specific context but does not equate to the broader constitutional right of privacy. Thus, privacy stands distinct as the right that specifically empowers individuals to direct what happens to their personal information.