What is one of the steps missing in the Koocher and Keith-Spiegel Model of Ethical Decision Making?

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of identifying the available options as a critical step in the Koocher and Keith-Spiegel Model of Ethical Decision Making. This model is designed to systematically guide practitioners through a structured process for addressing ethical dilemmas. Identifying available options is essential because it allows the decision-maker to understand the range of possible actions that can be taken in response to an ethical issue. By thoroughly exploring these options, individuals can evaluate the potential consequences of each and assess which aligns best with ethical principles and professional standards.

A key aspect of ethical decision-making is recognizing that there may be multiple pathways to resolution, and each may carry different implications. By focusing on the available options, practitioners can ensure that they are not only aware of the potential outcomes but are also considering creative alternatives that may lead to a more ethically sound decision.

In comparison, other steps such as describing parameters, making the decision, and consulting personal values are indeed important in the decision-making process but do not address the foundational need to first explore all possible options at a critical stage in the process. This exploration is vital for comprehensive ethical reasoning, ensuring that choices are made with a full understanding of the context and implications.